Scheduling Data Delivery in Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper we present a proxy-level scheduler that can significantly improve QoS in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks while at the same time reducing the overall power consumption. Our scheduler is transparent to both applications and MAC in order to take the advantage of the standard off-the-shelf components. The proposed scheduling reduces collisions through a generalized TDMA implementation, and thus improves throughput and QoS, by activating only a subset of stations at a time. Power savings are achieved by scheduling transfer of larger bursts of IP packets followed by longer idle periods during which node’s radio can either enter sleep or be turned off. Our simulation and measurement results show significant power savings with an improvement in QoS. On average we get 18% of saturation throughput enhancement for real traffic and 79 % of power reduction in a highly loaded network

An efficient multi-channel wireless switching system

To cope with the insatiable demand for a higher data rate in today's single channel wireless communications, extending the spectral bandwidth to transition to a multi- channel communication is a natural course of action. This dissertation, we present a wireless switching architecture that allows a self-interference-free asynchronous packet communication in multi-channel wireless switching networks. We propose a system architecture to resolve the self-interference problem, which arises due to the proximity among RF devices in the switch and the large difference in strengths between receiving and transmitting signals. We then present a straightforward solution of separating the frequency spectra used for receiving and transmitting signals and propose a MAC/PHY cross-layer protocol for efficiently managing the channel bandwidth for asynchronous packet-based communication. We show that, when a K-port wireless switch is used with each port providing 20MHz of bidirectional bandwidth, the total communication bandwidth can be increased to 1.4K x 20 MHz, which is about 2K times as high as a wireless access point with 20 MHz per channel. Of course, the actual data rate depends on the modulation schemes used. We also present a low SINR synchronization system as a physical layer solution of improving the immunity to the interference receiving from adjacent channels in a multi-channel communication environment. Finally, we introduce a scheduling scheme with a dynamic load balancing to ensure global fairness for all users. The performance of our algorithm is compared to that of the Least-Loaded-First (LLF) user assignment policy using simulation

Comparative transcriptome analysis on wild-simulated ginseng of different age revealed possible mechanism of ginsenoside accumulation

Panax ginseng is one of the most famous pharmaceutical plants in Asia. Ginseng plants grown in mountain have longer longevity which ensures higher accumulation of ginsenoside components than those grown in farms. However, wild-simulated ginseng over certain age cannot be easily distinguished in morphology. To identify transcriptomic mechanism of ginsenoside accumulation in older wild-simulated ginseng without large phenotype change, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis for leaf, shoot, and root tissues of 7-yr-old and 13yr-old wild-simulated ginseng. Of 559 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparison between 7-yr-old and 13yr-old wild-simulated ginseng, 280 leaf-, 103 shoot-, and 164 root-mainly expressing genes were found to be changed in transcript level according to age. Functional analysis revealed that pentose-phosphate shunt and abscisic acid responsive genes were up-regulated in leaf tissues of 7-yr-old ginseng while defense responsive genes were up-regulated in root tissues of 13-yr-old ginseng. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that jasmonic acid responsive genes, ERDL6, and some UGTs were up-regulated in 13-yr-old ginseng in higher order lateral root tissues. These data suggest that bacterial stimulation in mountain region can enhance the expression of several genes which might support minor ginsenoside biosynthesis. © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS11Nsciescopu

Development of Pancreatic Construct for Type 1 Diabetes by 3D cell Printing Technology

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Prolonged Exposure to High Temperature Inhibits Shoot Primary and Root Secondary Growth in Panax ginseng

High temperature is one of the most significant abiotic stresses reducing crop yield and quality by inhibiting plant growth and development. Global warming has recently increased the frequency of heat waves, which negatively impacts agricultural fields. Despite numerous studies on heat stress responses and signal transduction in model plant species, the molecular mechanism underlying thermomorphogenesis in Panax ginseng remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the high temperature response of ginseng at the phenotypic and molecular levels. Both the primary shoot growth and secondary root growth of ginseng plants were significantly reduced at high temperature. Histological analysis revealed that these decreases in shoot and root growth were caused by decreases in cell elongation and cambium stem cell activity, respectively. Analysis of P. ginseng RNA-seq data revealed that heat-stress-repressed stem and root growth is closely related to changes in photosynthesis, cell wall organization, cell wall loosening, and abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Reduction in both the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis resulted in defects in starch granule development in the storage parenchymal cells of the main tap root. Thus, by combining bioinformatics and histological analyses, we show that high temperature signaling pathways are integrated with crucial biological processes that repress stem and root growth in ginseng, providing novel insight into the heat stress response mechanism of P. ginseng

Development of Pancreatic Construct for Type 1 Diabetes by 3D cell Printing Technology

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3D cell printing of implantable vascularized pancreatic construct using tissue-specific bioink and islet for T1D

The transplantation of pancreatic islets is promising treatment for patients of type 1 diabetes, suffering hypoglycaemia and secondary complications. The primary goal of this treatment is to supply sufficient amount of insulin in the bloodstream, however, several limitations still remain. In particular, 60% of the islet graft in the intrahepatic transplant site is difficult to survive due to low engraftment rate and hostile environment [1]. In case of subcutaneous transplantation, the viability and function of the implanted islet is diminished because of the low vascularity occurring hypoxic condition [2]. With the convergence of 3D bioprinting, bioink and stem cell biology approaches, tissue engineering offers a promising alternative. We developed the 3D cell printed pancreatic construct using pdECM and vascular cells that can provide beneficial microenvironmental cues. Thus, this construct can regulate blood glucose level in diabetic animal models and has shown a significant potential of the advanced islet delivery method for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.1

Development of Implantable Vascularized Pancreatic Construct by 3D Cell Printing Technology

The transplantation of pancreatic islets is promising treatment for patients of type 1 diabetes, suffering hypoglycaemia and secondary complications. The primary goal of this treatment is to supply sufficient amount of insulin in the bloodstream, however, several limitations still remain. Large number of the islet graft in the intrahepatic transplant site is difficult to survive due to low engraftment rate and hostile environment. In case of subcutaneous transplantation, the viability and function of the implanted islet is diminished because of the low vascularity occurring hypoxic condition. With the convergence of 3D bioprinting, bioink and stem cell biology approaches, tissue engineering offers a promising alternative. We developed the 3D cell printed pancreatic construct using pdECM and vascular cells that can provide beneficial microenvironmental cues. Thus, this construct can regulate blood glucose level in diabetic animal models and has shown a significant potential of the advanced islet delivery method for the treatment of type 1 diabetes.2

3D Cell Printing of Implantable Vascularized Pancreatic Construct using iPSC-derived IPC for T1D

Islet transplantation is a promising treatment of Type I diabetes (T1D), but it has several limitations. The viability and functionality of the transplanted islets are low because of the poor vascularity and hypoxic condition [1-2]. With the convergence of 3D bioprinting, bioink and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC), tissue engineering offers a promising alternative. In this study, we developed the 3D cell printed pancreatic construct for the alternative treatment of T1D.1